cgroups are the Linux control group system.

• System for resource management on Linux.
• Directory hierarchy at /sys/fs/cgroup.
• Limit, throttle, and account for resource usage per control group.
• Each resource interface is provided by a controller.

Primary uses:

• Isolating core workload from background resource needs.
• Do not allow one workload to overpower the others.

cgroupv1

cgroupv2

https://chrisdown.name/talks/cgroupv2/cgroupv2-fosdem.pdf

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/cgroups