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Networking - DNS - Unbound - Configure Access

Control which clients are allowed to make (recursive) queries to the server.

This example assumes that the LAN sits at 192.168.1.0/24.

/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/access_options.conf

access-control: "0.0.0.0/0" allow
access-control: "127.0.0.0/8" allow
access-control: "192.168.1.0/24" allow

or

access-control: 0.0.0.0/0 refuse
access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow
access-control: ::0/0 refuse
access-control: ::1 allow
access-control: ::ffff:127.0.0.1 allow

NOTE: By default everything is refused, except for localhost.

Options include:

deny - Drop message.
refuse - Polite error reply.
allow - Recursive ok.
allow_setrd - Rrecursive ok, rd bit is forced on.
allow_snoop - Recursive and non-recursive ok.
deny_non_local - Drop queries unless can be answered from local-data.
refuse_non_local - Like deny_non_local but polite error reply.

NOTE: There are many good reasons for restricting access to your DNS server.

The first one is that a DNS server may be used as part of a denial of service attack.

A common technique is to send queries with spoofed IP addresses to exposed recursive DNS servers, which will send their responses to what they think is the computer that made the query in the first place. In practice, it means that an attacker can ask the recursive server for a DNS record using a fake IP, and the owner of the IP address that was faked will get the response. This means that an evil entity can force a recursive server to flood a victim with DNS responses and therefore use the server as a proxy for a denial of service attack.

Another reason is that a local DNS server might contain sensitive DNS entries that are not intended to be known by outsiders. If you are using a local zone for naming local resources, such as printers, cameras, and NAS servers, it is better to have that information protected from outsiders.

In addition to the Unbound configuration presented here, it is a good idea to block access to your DNS server by using appropriate firewall rules. DNS servers listen for queries at port 53 and may support both UDP and TCP.

The access-control directives are self-explanatory.

Tag access-control

Tag access-control with a list of tags. (in “” with spaces between).

Clients using this access control element use localzones that are tagged with one of these tags.

access-control-tag: 192.0.2.0/24 "tag2 tag3"

Set action for a particular tag

Set action for a particular tag for a given access control element if you have multiple tag values

The tag used to lookup the action is the first tag match between access-control-tag and local-zone-tag where “first” comes from the order of the define-tag values.

access-control-tag-action: 192.0.2.0/24 tag3 refuse

Set redirect data for particular tag for access control element

access-control-tag-data: 192.0.2.0/24 tag2 "A 127.0.0.1"

Set view for access control element

access-control-view: 192.0.2.0/24 viewname

Example to Block YouTube in pfSense

# Give pfSense a server: tag so it puts directives in correct place.
server:

# Define a new tag.
define-tag: "notube"

# Create ann access-control entry.
access-control: 10.1.1.6/32 allow

# Tag the access.
# Allocate some IP ranges to the tag, repeat for more.
access-control-tag: 10.1.1.6/32 "notube"

# www.youtube.com is the only way to access youtube site.
# All other language domains redirect to www.youtube.com.
# You can verify this by the allowed domains in SSL wildcard cert - Certificate Subject Alt Name.

# The variants like -nocookie edu and yt.be don't serve content.
# The CNAME records for local caches and redirects don't serve content.
# The cert is set HSTS (strict) so won't serve on incorrect redirects.
# The plain http redirects everything to the https SSL.
# Going to myriad IP addresses redirects to google search page.
# So with local DNS control, you have tight control of access to youtube.
# This of course doesn't exclude proxies & tunnels, but these require more effort & privileges on clients.

# Create the local-zone, and allow normal service which allows non-blocked users access and allow all types like A and AAAA and CNAME.
local-zone: www.youtube.com typetransparent

# Tag the domain.
local-zone-tag: www.youtube.com notube

# Ensure local data served first.
access-control-tag-action: 10.1.1.6/32 "notube" redirect

# Send users to your polite internal block page.
access-control-tag-data: 10.1.1.6/32 "notube" "A 10.4.1.34"

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