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NAS - QNAP - Recover RAID or move data from broken NAS

Most NAS brands run Linux as a backbone, so it is usually easy to recover data by connecting the disks from the NAS to a system running Linux.

Connect the disks from the NAS to a PC running Ubuntu

Prepare a PC with enough hard drive slots available to install the hard drives from your NAS.
Remove the hard drives from your NAS and connect them to your computer.
- For RAID or SHR configurations, connect all the hard drives (excluding hard drives used as hot spares) to your computer at the same time.

NOTE: Ensure the file system running on the hard drives of your NAS are EXT4 or Btrfs.

If the NAS only had a single disk, then this disk should be immediately accessible and no further steps in these instructions are needed.

Remember the order in which the disks were arranged in the NAS; as this may be needed for the recovery process.

sudo apt-get install mdadm

NOTE: When prompted for Postfix Configuration.

sudo apt-get install lvm2

NOTE: This is needed for vgchange.

sudo mdadm -Asf && vgchange -ay

NOTE: The files on the hard disks should be accessible.

mdadm -Asf: Assemble a pre-existing array. Scan config file or /proc/mdstat for missing information. Insist that mdadm accept the geometry and layout specified without question.
vgchange -ay: To activate all known volume groups in the system.