docker logs gluetun
returns:
... [dns] using plaintext DNS at address 1.1.1.1 ...
When using the DOT functionality, the logs say [dns] using plaintext DNS at address 1.1.1.1.
Despite the fallback DNS message, from the container it could not resolve that address, but explicitly setting
DNS_ADDRESS=1.1.1.1 DOT=off
Fixed my issue.