====== Ubuntu - Virtual Machine - debootstrap - Install Ubuntu, Mint, Debian ====== ===== For example, install Debian 10 ===== mkdir /tmp/deb10files debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /tmp/deb10files/ **NOTE:** With **--variant=minbase** gives a minimal/tiny install. * Do not use variant if you want the full size install. ---- ===== Did you get an error? ===== debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /home/theuser/VMs/deb10files/ **NOTE:** You will get this error if you make a directory in your home directory. * So it is best to make it somewhere in /tmp or elsewhere. /usr/sbin/debootstrap: 1609: cannot create /home/theuser/VMs/deb10files/test-dev-null: Permission denied E: Cannot install into target '/home/theuser/VMs/deb10files' mounted with noexec or nodev returns: I: Keyring file not available at /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg; switching to https mirror https://deb.debian.org/debian I: Retrieving InRelease I: Retrieving Packages I: Validating Packages I: Resolving dependencies of required packages... I: Resolving dependencies of base packages... I: Checking component main on https://deb.debian.org/debian... I: Retrieving libacl1 2.2.53-4 I: Validating libacl1 2.2.53-4 I: Retrieving adduser 3.118 I: Validating adduser 3.118 I: Retrieving apt 1.8.2.3 I: Validating apt 1.8.2.3 I: Retrieving libapt-pkg5.0 1.8.2.3 I: Validating libapt-pkg5.0 1.8.2.3 I: Retrieving libattr1 1:2.4.48-4 I: Validating libattr1 1:2.4.48-4 I: Retrieving libaudit-common 1:2.8.4-3 I: Validating libaudit-common 1:2.8.4-3 I: Retrieving libaudit1 1:2.8.4-3 I: Validating libaudit1 1:2.8.4-3 I: Retrieving base-files 10.3+deb10u13 I: Validating base-files 10.3+deb10u13 I: Retrieving base-passwd 3.5.46 I: Validating base-passwd 3.5.46 I: Retrieving bash 5.0-4 I: Validating bash 5.0-4 I: Retrieving libbz2-1.0 1.0.6-9.2~deb10u1 I: Validating libbz2-1.0 1.0.6-9.2~deb10u1 I: Retrieving ca-certificates 20200601~deb10u2 I: Validating ca-certificates 20200601~deb10u2 I: Retrieving libdebconfclient0 0.249 I: Validating libdebconfclient0 0.249 I: Retrieving coreutils 8.30-3 I: Validating coreutils 8.30-3 I: Retrieving dash 0.5.10.2-5 I: Validating dash 0.5.10.2-5 I: Retrieving libdb5.3 5.3.28+dfsg1-0.5 I: Validating libdb5.3 5.3.28+dfsg1-0.5 I: Retrieving debconf 1.5.71+deb10u1 I: Validating debconf 1.5.71+deb10u1 I: Retrieving debian-archive-keyring 2019.1+deb10u1 I: Validating debian-archive-keyring 2019.1+deb10u1 I: Retrieving debianutils 4.8.6.1 I: Validating debianutils 4.8.6.1 I: Retrieving diffutils 1:3.7-3 I: Validating diffutils 1:3.7-3 I: Retrieving dpkg 1.19.8 I: Validating dpkg 1.19.8 I: Retrieving e2fsprogs 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Validating e2fsprogs 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Retrieving libcom-err2 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Validating libcom-err2 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Retrieving libext2fs2 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Validating libext2fs2 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Retrieving libss2 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Validating libss2 1.44.5-1+deb10u3 I: Retrieving findutils 4.6.0+git+20190209-2 I: Validating findutils 4.6.0+git+20190209-2 I: Retrieving gcc-8-base 8.3.0-6 I: Validating gcc-8-base 8.3.0-6 I: Retrieving libgcc1 1:8.3.0-6 I: Validating libgcc1 1:8.3.0-6 I: Retrieving libstdc++6 8.3.0-6 I: Validating libstdc++6 8.3.0-6 I: Retrieving libc-bin 2.28-10+deb10u1 I: Validating libc-bin 2.28-10+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libc6 2.28-10+deb10u1 I: Validating libc6 2.28-10+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libgmp10 2:6.1.2+dfsg-4+deb10u1 I: Validating libgmp10 2:6.1.2+dfsg-4+deb10u1 I: Retrieving gpgv 2.2.12-1+deb10u2 I: Validating gpgv 2.2.12-1+deb10u2 I: Retrieving libgnutls30 3.6.7-4+deb10u8 I: Validating libgnutls30 3.6.7-4+deb10u8 I: Retrieving grep 3.3-1 I: Validating grep 3.3-1 I: Retrieving gzip 1.9-3+deb10u1 I: Validating gzip 1.9-3+deb10u1 I: Retrieving hostname 3.21 I: Validating hostname 3.21 I: Retrieving init-system-helpers 1.56+nmu1 I: Validating init-system-helpers 1.56+nmu1 I: Retrieving libcap-ng0 0.7.9-2 I: Validating libcap-ng0 0.7.9-2 I: Retrieving libffi6 3.2.1-9 I: Validating libffi6 3.2.1-9 I: Retrieving libgcrypt20 1.8.4-5+deb10u1 I: Validating libgcrypt20 1.8.4-5+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libgpg-error0 1.35-1 I: Validating libgpg-error0 1.35-1 I: Retrieving libidn2-0 2.0.5-1+deb10u1 I: Validating libidn2-0 2.0.5-1+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libseccomp2 2.3.3-4 I: Validating libseccomp2 2.3.3-4 I: Retrieving libselinux1 2.8-1+b1 I: Validating libselinux1 2.8-1+b1 I: Retrieving libsemanage-common 2.8-2 I: Validating libsemanage-common 2.8-2 I: Retrieving libsemanage1 2.8-2 I: Validating libsemanage1 2.8-2 I: Retrieving libsepol1 2.8-1 I: Validating libsepol1 2.8-1 I: Retrieving libtasn1-6 4.13-3 I: Validating libtasn1-6 4.13-3 I: Retrieving libunistring2 0.9.10-1 I: Validating libunistring2 0.9.10-1 I: Retrieving libzstd1 1.3.8+dfsg-3+deb10u2 I: Validating libzstd1 1.3.8+dfsg-3+deb10u2 I: Retrieving liblz4-1 1.8.3-1+deb10u1 I: Validating liblz4-1 1.8.3-1+deb10u1 I: Retrieving mawk 1.3.3-17+b3 I: Validating mawk 1.3.3-17+b3 I: Retrieving libncursesw6 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Validating libncursesw6 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Retrieving libtinfo6 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Validating libtinfo6 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Retrieving ncurses-base 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Validating ncurses-base 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Retrieving ncurses-bin 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Validating ncurses-bin 6.1+20181013-2+deb10u2 I: Retrieving libhogweed4 3.4.1-1+deb10u1 I: Validating libhogweed4 3.4.1-1+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libnettle6 3.4.1-1+deb10u1 I: Validating libnettle6 3.4.1-1+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libssl1.1 1.1.1n-0+deb10u3 I: Validating libssl1.1 1.1.1n-0+deb10u3 I: Retrieving openssl 1.1.1n-0+deb10u3 I: Validating openssl 1.1.1n-0+deb10u3 I: Retrieving libp11-kit0 0.23.15-2+deb10u1 I: Validating libp11-kit0 0.23.15-2+deb10u1 I: Retrieving libpam-modules 1.3.1-5 I: Validating libpam-modules 1.3.1-5 I: Retrieving libpam-modules-bin 1.3.1-5 I: Validating libpam-modules-bin 1.3.1-5 I: Retrieving libpam-runtime 1.3.1-5 I: Validating libpam-runtime 1.3.1-5 I: Retrieving libpam0g 1.3.1-5 I: Validating libpam0g 1.3.1-5 I: Retrieving libpcre3 2:8.39-12 I: Validating libpcre3 2:8.39-12 I: Retrieving perl-base 5.28.1-6+deb10u1 I: Validating perl-base 5.28.1-6+deb10u1 I: Retrieving sed 4.7-1 I: Validating sed 4.7-1 I: Retrieving login 1:4.5-1.1 I: Validating login 1:4.5-1.1 I: Retrieving passwd 1:4.5-1.1 I: Validating passwd 1:4.5-1.1 I: Retrieving libsystemd0 241-7~deb10u8 I: Validating libsystemd0 241-7~deb10u8 I: Retrieving libudev1 241-7~deb10u8 I: Validating libudev1 241-7~deb10u8 I: Retrieving sysvinit-utils 2.93-8 I: Validating sysvinit-utils 2.93-8 I: Retrieving tar 1.30+dfsg-6 I: Validating tar 1.30+dfsg-6 I: Retrieving tzdata 2021a-0+deb10u6 I: Validating tzdata 2021a-0+deb10u6 I: Retrieving bsdutils 1:2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating bsdutils 1:2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving fdisk 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating fdisk 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving libblkid1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating libblkid1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving libfdisk1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating libfdisk1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving libmount1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating libmount1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving libsmartcols1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating libsmartcols1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving libuuid1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating libuuid1 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving mount 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating mount 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving util-linux 2.33.1-0.1 I: Validating util-linux 2.33.1-0.1 I: Retrieving liblzma5 5.2.4-1+deb10u1 I: Validating liblzma5 5.2.4-1+deb10u1 I: Retrieving zlib1g 1:1.2.11.dfsg-1+deb10u1 I: Validating zlib1g 1:1.2.11.dfsg-1+deb10u1 I: Chosen extractor for .deb packages: dpkg-deb I: Extracting libacl1... I: Extracting adduser... I: Extracting apt... I: Extracting libapt-pkg5.0... I: Extracting libattr1... I: Extracting libaudit-common... I: Extracting libaudit1... I: Extracting base-files... I: Extracting base-passwd... I: Extracting bash... I: Extracting libbz2-1.0... I: Extracting libdebconfclient0... I: Extracting coreutils... I: Extracting dash... I: Extracting libdb5.3... I: Extracting debconf... I: Extracting debian-archive-keyring... I: Extracting debianutils... I: Extracting diffutils... I: Extracting dpkg... I: Extracting e2fsprogs... I: Extracting libcom-err2... I: Extracting libext2fs2... I: Extracting libss2... I: Extracting findutils... I: Extracting gcc-8-base... I: Extracting libgcc1... I: Extracting libstdc++6... I: Extracting libc-bin... I: Extracting libc6... I: Extracting libgmp10... I: Extracting gpgv... I: Extracting libgnutls30... I: Extracting grep... I: Extracting gzip... I: Extracting hostname... I: Extracting init-system-helpers... I: Extracting libcap-ng0... I: Extracting libffi6... I: Extracting libgcrypt20... I: Extracting libgpg-error0... I: Extracting libidn2-0... I: Extracting libseccomp2... I: Extracting libselinux1... I: Extracting libsemanage-common... I: Extracting libsemanage1... I: Extracting libsepol1... I: Extracting libtasn1-6... I: Extracting libunistring2... I: Extracting libzstd1... I: Extracting liblz4-1... I: Extracting mawk... I: Extracting libncursesw6... I: Extracting libtinfo6... I: Extracting ncurses-base... I: Extracting ncurses-bin... I: Extracting libhogweed4... I: Extracting libnettle6... I: Extracting libp11-kit0... I: Extracting libpam-modules... I: Extracting libpam-modules-bin... I: Extracting libpam-runtime... I: Extracting libpam0g... I: Extracting libpcre3... I: Extracting perl-base... I: Extracting sed... I: Extracting login... I: Extracting passwd... I: Extracting libsystemd0... I: Extracting libudev1... I: Extracting sysvinit-utils... I: Extracting tar... I: Extracting tzdata... I: Extracting bsdutils... I: Extracting fdisk... I: Extracting libblkid1... I: Extracting libfdisk1... I: Extracting libmount1... I: Extracting libsmartcols1... I: Extracting libuuid1... I: Extracting mount... I: Extracting util-linux... I: Extracting liblzma5... I: Extracting zlib1g... I: Installing core packages... I: Unpacking required packages... I: Unpacking libacl1:amd64... I: Unpacking adduser... I: Unpacking apt... I: Unpacking libapt-pkg5.0:amd64... I: Unpacking libattr1:amd64... I: Unpacking libaudit-common... I: Unpacking libaudit1:amd64... I: Unpacking base-files... I: Unpacking base-passwd... I: Unpacking bash... I: Unpacking libbz2-1.0:amd64... I: Unpacking libdebconfclient0:amd64... I: Unpacking coreutils... I: Unpacking dash... I: Unpacking libdb5.3:amd64... I: Unpacking debconf... I: Unpacking debian-archive-keyring... I: Unpacking debianutils... I: Unpacking diffutils... I: Unpacking dpkg... I: Unpacking e2fsprogs... I: Unpacking libcom-err2:amd64... I: Unpacking libext2fs2:amd64... I: Unpacking libss2:amd64... I: Unpacking findutils... I: Unpacking gcc-8-base:amd64... I: Unpacking libgcc1:amd64...debootstrap --variant=minbase buster /home/theuser/VMs/deb10files/ I: Unpacking libstdc++6:amd64... I: Unpacking libc-bin... I: Unpacking libc6:amd64... I: Unpacking libgmp10:amd64... I: Unpacking gpgv... I: Unpacking libgnutls30:amd64... I: Unpacking grep... I: Unpacking gzip... I: Unpacking hostname... I: Unpacking init-system-helpers... I: Unpacking libcap-ng0:amd64... I: Unpacking libffi6:amd64... I: Unpacking libgcrypt20:amd64... I: Unpacking libgpg-error0:amd64... I: Unpacking libidn2-0:amd64... I: Unpacking libseccomp2:amd64... I: Unpacking libselinux1:amd64... I: Unpacking libsemanage-common... I: Unpacking libsemanage1:amd64... I: Unpacking libsepol1:amd64... I: Unpacking libtasn1-6:amd64... I: Unpacking libunistring2:amd64... I: Unpacking libzstd1:amd64... I: Unpacking liblz4-1:amd64... I: Unpacking mawk... I: Unpacking libncursesw6:amd64... I: Unpacking libtinfo6:amd64... I: Unpacking ncurses-base... I: Unpacking ncurses-bin... I: Unpacking libhogweed4:amd64... I: Unpacking libnettle6:amd64... I: Unpacking libp11-kit0:amd64... I: Unpacking libpam-modules:amd64... I: Unpacking libpam-modules-bin... I: Unpacking libpam-runtime... I: Unpacking libpam0g:amd64... I: Unpacking libpcre3:amd64... I: Unpacking perl-base... I: Unpacking sed... I: Unpacking login... I: Unpacking passwd... I: Unpacking libsystemd0:amd64... I: Unpacking libudev1:amd64... I: Unpacking sysvinit-utils... I: Unpacking tar... I: Unpacking tzdata... I: Unpacking bsdutils... I: Unpacking fdisk... I: Unpacking libblkid1:amd64... I: Unpacking libfdisk1:amd64... I: Unpacking libmount1:amd64... I: Unpacking libsmartcols1:amd64... I: Unpacking libuuid1:amd64... I: Unpacking mount... I: Unpacking util-linux... I: Unpacking liblzma5:amd64... I: Unpacking zlib1g:amd64... I: Configuring required packages... I: Configuring debian-archive-keyring... I: Configuring libaudit-common... I: Configuring libsemanage-common... I: Configuring ncurses-base... I: Configuring gcc-8-base:amd64... I: Configuring libc6:amd64... I: Configuring libudev1:amd64... I: Configuring libsepol1:amd64... I: Configuring libattr1:amd64... I: Configuring libtasn1-6:amd64... I: Configuring debianutils... I: Configuring mawk... I: Configuring libdebconfclient0:amd64... I: Configuring base-files... I: Configuring libbz2-1.0:amd64... I: Configuring base-passwd... I: Configuring libdb5.3:amd64... I: Configuring libtinfo6:amd64... I: Configuring bash... I: Configuring libzstd1:amd64... I: Configuring liblzma5:amd64... I: Configuring libgpg-error0:amd64... I: Configuring libgcc1:amd64... I: Configuring liblz4-1:amd64... I: Configuring libc-bin... I: Configuring ncurses-bin... I: Configuring libacl1:amd64... I: Configuring libunistring2:amd64... I: Configuring libsmartcols1:amd64... I: Configuring libgcrypt20:amd64... I: Configuring zlib1g:amd64... I: Configuring libffi6:amd64... I: Configuring libidn2-0:amd64... I: Configuring libcom-err2:amd64... I: Configuring diffutils... I: Configuring libseccomp2:amd64... I: Configuring libsystemd0:amd64... I: Configuring hostname... I: Configuring libpcre3:amd64... I: Configuring libcap-ng0:amd64... I: Configuring libext2fs2:amd64... I: Configuring libgmp10:amd64... I: Configuring libp11-kit0:amd64... I: Configuring libaudit1:amd64... I: Configuring libuuid1:amd64... I: Configuring libss2:amd64... I: Configuring libncursesw6:amd64... I: Configuring libnettle6:amd64... I: Configuring gpgv... I: Configuring libblkid1:amd64... I: Configuring libstdc++6:amd64... I: Configuring bsdutils... I: Configuring libhogweed4:amd64... I: Configuring e2fsprogs... I: Configuring libselinux1:amd64... I: Configuring libgnutls30:amd64... I: Configuring sed... I: Configuring libfdisk1:amd64... I: Configuring findutils... I: Configuring libmount1:amd64... I: Configuring libapt-pkg5.0:amd64... I: Configuring libsemanage1:amd64... I: Configuring tar... I: Configuring coreutils... I: Configuring fdisk... I: Configuring dpkg... I: Configuring grep... I: Configuring perl-base... I: Configuring init-system-helpers... I: Configuring gzip... I: Configuring debconf... I: Configuring tzdata... I: Configuring libpam0g:amd64... I: Configuring dash... I: Configuring libpam-modules-bin... I: Configuring libpam-modules:amd64... I: Configuring passwd... I: Configuring libpam-runtime... I: Configuring login... I: Configuring adduser... I: Configuring apt... I: Configuring util-linux... I: Configuring mount... I: Configuring sysvinit-utils... I: Configuring libc-bin... I: Unpacking the base system... I: Unpacking ca-certificates... I: Unpacking libssl1.1:amd64... I: Unpacking openssl... I: Configuring the base system... I: Configuring libssl1.1:amd64... I: Configuring openssl... I: Configuring ca-certificates... I: Configuring libc-bin... I: Configuring ca-certificates... I: Base system installed successfully. **NOTE:** This install was only 204M. du -hs /deb10files/ 204M /deb10files/