====== Ubuntu - Boot - Error - File '/boot/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod' not found ======

Starting the system and got the following message:

<code bash>
error: file '/boot/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod' not found.
Entering rescue mode...
grub rescue>'
</code>

----

===== Solution =====

Probably grub boot loader is corrupt.

To Fix:

  * Boot from your installation CD or USB.
  * Choose Try Ubuntu without installing.
  * Open a terminal.
  * Enter the following commands:

<WRAP alert>
**ALERT:**  This assumes that your hard drive is showing as **/dev/sda**.

You may need to adjust.

If you computer is under 10 years old and has only one hdd and your not running under a virtual machine then your hdd is probably labelled **/dev/sda**.

</WRAP>

These are the commands to reinstall the boot loader.

<code bash>
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt /dev/sda
sudo reboot
</code>

----

===== Try using Boot-Repair =====


https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair

----

===== Try Manual Fix =====

==== List the hard drives and partitions ====

<code bash>
ls
</code>

returns:

<code bash>
(hd0) (hd0,gpt1) (hd0,gpt2) (hd1) (hd1,gpt1) (hd1,gpt2)
</code>

----

==== Try to recognize which partition is hd0,gpt1 ====

If you know anything about your own system you probably know that (hd0,gpt1) or (hd1,gpt1) is the EFI system partition and the second partition on the same drive is probably your root partition.

So you check

<code bash>
ls (hd0,gpt1)/
</code>

A list of the files in the partition is shown.

If it's the EFI system partition then great.

If not then try with one of the other drives.

----

==== Determine the mount points ====

<code bash>
set
</code>

A bunch of stuff will come up including the **prefix=(hd0,gpt1)/boot/grub** or something like that and **root=(hd0,gpt1)**.

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  If you do not see these options then try another drive.

</WRAP>


----

==== Set the root ====

<code bash>
set root=(hd0,gpt1)
</code>

----

==== Set the Prefix ====

Set prefix to [partition]/boot/grub.

<code bash>
set prefix=(hd0,gpt1)/grub
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  If this produced an error, reset root and prefix to something else.

Also try

<code bash>
set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub
</code>

</WRAP>


==== Get you out of the rescue mode to the normal terminal mode ====

n the terminal mode you have more commands with increased functionality.

<code bash>
insmod normal
normal
</code>


----

==== Select the initrd image ====

<code bash>
initrd /initrd.img
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:** You may need to try alternative options here, such as:

<code bash>
insmod linux 
 * linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro
</code>

or

<code bash>
linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-14-generic root=/dev/sda1 ro
</code>

</WRAP>

----

==== Reboot ====

<code bash>
boot
</code>

----

==== Update the GRUB config file ====

<code bash>
sudo update-grub
</code>

Reinstallation of Grub on the device:

<code bash>
sudo grub-install /dev/sdX
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:** Replace **sdX** with whichever drive is your actual boot drive.  

Usually this will be **sda**.
</WRAP>