====== Systems - Media Server - Install Ubuntu Server ======

It is recommended to install a Long-Term Support (LTS) release of Ubuntu.

----

===== Steps =====

  * Download the ISO image for Ubuntu Server from the Ubuntu website.
  * Write the ISO image for Ubuntu Server to a USB drive.
  * Boot from USB drive.
  * Select **Ubuntu Server** and **Search for third-party drivers**.
  * Set a static IP.
  * Guided Storage Configuration - Select to Use the entire disk, and unselect "Set up this disk as an LVM group".
  * SSH Config - Select to Install OpenSSH Server.
  * Reboot.
  * Update.
  * Clean up.
  * Reboot again.



----

<WRAP alert>
**ALERT**:  To prevent accidentally installing Ubuntu on the wrong drive and overwriting data it is recommended to disconnect data drives during installation.
</WRAP>

----

===== Set a static IP =====

<code>
Subnet:          192.168.1.0/24
Address:         192.168.1.85
Gateway:         192.168.1.1
Name Servers:    192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.50
Search Domains:  <blank>
</code>

----

===== Update =====

<code bash>
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
</code>

----

===== Clean up =====

<code bash>
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean
sudo reboot
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  This removes any unnecessary packages and cleans up the apt cache.
</WRAP>

----

===== Change the default shell to bash =====

By default, Ubuntu has Dash as the default shell.

  * Bash is preferred.
  * The reason that dash was set as the default is that dash provides faster boot times.
  * It does not however have the full feature set offered by bash.
  * On a modern server this speed difference in booting is negligible; and not too important as servers usually are not booted very often. 


==== Check what /bin/sh links to ====

<code bash>
ls -al /bin/sh
</code>

returns:

<code>
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Mar 31  2024 /bin/sh -> dash
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  This shows that /bin/sh links to dash.
</WRAP>

----

==== Change the Link for /bin/sh to bash ====

<code bash>
sudo ln -sf bash /bin/sh
</code>

----

==== Recheck what /bin/sh links to ====

<code bash>
ls -al /bin/sh
</code>

returns:

<code>
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 May 30 15:15 /bin/sh -> bash
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  This shows that /bin/sh now links to bash.

  * On older Ubuntu systems the following could be used, but this no longer works on new versions: <code bash>
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash
</code>

  * When asked **Install dash as /bin/sh?** specify **No**. 

</WRAP>


----

===== Update inputrc =====

Update **/etc/inputrc** to support being able to use arrow keys for history searches.

Add the following lines to the bottom of the file.

<file bash /etc/inputrc>
...
# Peter added these
"\e0A": history-search-backward
"\e0B": history-search-forward
"\e0C": forward-char
"\e0D": backward-char
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
"\e[C": forward-char
"\e[D": backward-char
</file>


<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  This allows one to type the first letter of a previous command, and then by using the arrow up key for example, will only show previous commands also starting with that letter.
</WRAP>

----

===== Remove snap if installed =====

==== List all installed Snap packages ====

<code bash>
snap list
</code>

----

==== Remove all the Snap packages ====

<code bash>
sudo snap remove <package_name>
</code>

----

==== Purge snapd ====

<code bash>
sudo apt purge snapd
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  Clean up any remaining directories.
</WRAP>

----

==== Set the timezone ====

<code bash>
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</code>

<WRAP info>
**NOTE:**  Select the appropriate location.
</WRAP>


----

===== References =====

https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu#1-overview

https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-server#1-overview

https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-desktop#1-overview