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--- ffmpeg:encoding:gpu_encoding [2024/05/18 15:11] – peter
+++ ffmpeg:encoding:gpu_encoding [2025/02/17 15:23] (current) – peter
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== ffmpeg - Encoding - GPU Encoding ======
+[[ffmpeg:Encoding:GPU Encoding:Convert videos to 10-bit h265, AAC 5.1|Convert videos to 10-bit h265, AAC 5.1]]
+----
+<code bash>
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=p010,hwupload' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a:m:language:eng -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s\? -c:v hevc_vaapi -b:v 3000k -bufsize 3000k -c:a aac -ac 6 -ar 48000 -b:a 640k -c:s srt -profile:v main10 -rc_mode CBR -v verbose "output.mkv"
+</code>
+----
 ===== Convert videos to H.265 / HEVC using ffmpeg and GPU hardware encoding =====
 <code bash>
-ffmpeg -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -i "input.mkv" -vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a:m:language:eng? -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+# This is hardware decoding and software encoding.
+ffmpeg -hwaccel vaapi -hwaccel_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -hwaccel_output_format vaapi -i "input.mkv" -vf 'deinterlace_vaapi=rate=field:auto=1,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080,hwdownload,format=nv12' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -profile:v main -c:v libx265 -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose output.mkv
 </code>
@@ Line 12: / Line 29: @@
 <code bash>
-ffmpeg -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 \
+ffmpeg
   -i "input.mkv" \
+  -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 \
   -vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' \
   -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng \
@@ Line 32: / Line 50: @@
 **NOTE:**
-  * **-vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128** is a shortcut to **-init_hw_device vaapi=vaapi0:/dev/dri/renderD128 -filter_hw_device vaapi0**, and initializes a new hardware device of type **vaapi**.
   * **-i "input.mkv"** is the source file.
-  * **-vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080'** creates the filtergraph and use it to filter the stream.
+  * **-vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128** is a shortcut to **-init_hw_device vaapi=vaapi0:/dev/dri/renderD128 -filter_hw_device vaapi0**, and initializes a new hardware device of type **vaapi**.
+  * **-vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080'** creates the filtergraph and uses it to filter the stream.
     * The encoders only accept input as VAAPI surfaces. If the input is in normal memory, it will need to be uploaded before giving the frames to the encoder - in the ffmpeg utility, the hwupload filter can be used for this.
     * It will upload to a surface with the same layout as the software frame, so it may be necessary to add a format filter immediately before to get the input into the right format (hardware generally wants the nv12 layout).
     * The **hwupload** filter also requires a device to upload to, which needs to be defined before the filter graph is created which is done with **-vaapi_device**.
     * The **scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080** scales the video to 1080p.
-    * Use **-vf 'format=nv12,hwupload'** to not do any scaling.
+    * Use **-vf 'format=nv12,hwupload'** to not do any scaling, and to use NV12 (8-bit encoding).
-  * **-map 0:v** selects the Video streams from the inputs will will go into the output.
+    * Use **-vf 'format=p010,hwupload'** for 10-bit encoding; and also change the profile to **Main10**.
+      * See further below for other pixel formats..
+  * **-map 0:v** selects the Video streams from the inputs which will go into the output.
   * **-metadata:s:v:0 language=eng** has the output Video stream to show English as the language.
-  * **-map 0:a** selects the Audio streams from the inputs will will go into the output.
+  * **-map 0:a** selects the Audio streams from the inputs which will go into the output.
+  * **-map 0:s?** selects the Sub-Title streams from the inputs which will go into the output.
+    * The "?" is to have this optional, i.e. only write Sub-Titles if they exist in the source.
   * **-c:v hevc_vaapi** converts the input file to H.265 in the destination file.
     * **hevc_vaapi** means H.265 / MPEG-H part 2 (HEVC).
@@ Line 75: / Line 97: @@
   * **-c:a copy** copies the Audio streams without modification to the output.
   * **-c:s copy** copies the Subtitle streams without modification to the output.
-  * **-rc_mode CQP** sets the rate control mode to COP.
+  * **-rc_mode CQP** sets the rate control mode to CQP.
-    * COP works well.
+    * CQP works well.
     * <WRAP>
 Run the following to see all possible modes: <code bash>ffmpeg -h encoder=hevc_vaapi</code>
@@ Line 102: / Line 124: @@
   * **-profile:v main** selects the x265 profile, main, which should work with every output device.
     * For h.265, **main** is the default profile. All decoders, which can decode h.265, will support it.
-    * But there are other profiles that can be used, for supporting additional decoder capabilities like higher colour depth (10, 12 or 16 bit), less subsampling (4:2:2 or 4:4:4) or intra-constrained (mainly for editing, as it's not efficient). Plus more specialised things.
+    * But there are other profiles that can be used, for supporting additional decoder capabilities like higher colour depth (10, 12 or 16 bit), less subsampling (4:2:2 or 4:4:4) or intra-constrained (mainly for editing, as it's not efficient). Plus more specialized things.
     * **Main 10** is fine to use for 8 or 10 bit color depths and its inclusion in version 1 of the standard means it will enjoy a high level of support as long as the decoder supports 10 bit.
   * **-v verbose**
@@ Line 109: / Line 131: @@
 </WRAP>
+----
+===== Using other pixel formats =====
+Check which pixel formats are supported:
+<code bash>
+ffmpeg -pix_fmts
+</code>
+returns
+<code>
+Pixel formats:
+I.... = Supported Input  format for conversion
+.O... = Supported Output format for conversion
+..H.. = Hardware accelerated format
+...P. = Paletted format
+....B = Bitstream format
+FLAGS NAME            NB_COMPONENTS BITS_PER_PIXEL BIT_DEPTHS
+-----
+IO... yuv420p                3             12      8-8-8
+IO... yuyv422                3             16      8-8-8
+...
+...
+IO... nv12                   3             12      8-8-8
+IO... p010le                 3             15      10-10-10
+</code>
+----
+<WRAP info>
+**NOTE:** When using a different pixel format, usually the following options will need to be set:
+  * -vf 'format=nv12' and -profile:v main
+  * -vf 'format=p010' and -profile:v main10
+  * -vf 'format=p016' and -profile:v rext
+</WRAP>
+----
+==== Encode with 8-bit ====
+^Format^Chroma sampling^Packed or planar^Bits per channel^
+|NV12|4:2:0|Planar|8|
+<code bash>
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=nv12,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a:m:language:eng? -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+</code>
+==== Encode with 10-bit ====
+^Format^Chroma sampling^Packed or planar^Bits per channel^
+|P010|4:2:0|Planar|10|
+<code bash>
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=p010,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main10 -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=p010,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a:m:language:eng? -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v main10 -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+</code>
+==== Encode with 16-bit ====
+^Format^Chroma sampling^Packed or planar^Bits per channel^
+|P010|4:2:0|Planar|16|
+<code bash>
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=p016,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v rext -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+ffmpeg -i "input.mkv" -vaapi_device /dev/dri/renderD128 -vf 'format=p016,hwupload,scale_vaapi=w=1920:h=1080' -map 0:v -metadata:s:v:0 language=eng -map 0:a:m:language:eng? -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -map 0:s? -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng -profile:v rext -c:v hevc_vaapi -c:a copy -c:s copy -rc_mode CQP -global_quality 25 -v verbose "output.mkv"
+</code>